The stories of the Templars' secret initiation ceremonies also proved a tempting source for Masonic writers who were creating new works of pseudohistory. The DeMolay Degree, in which players dress in robes and other period costume, and appear on a dimly-lit stage whereupon they dramatically deliver memorized lines prescribed in the ritual, is described therein as depicting "the tragic climax in the career of Jacques DeMolay, the hero and martyr who is the exemplar of our Order." Ingrédients: noix de saint-jacques,huile d'olive,fleur de sel,poivre,citron vert,aneth. Ces grandes fleurs en écouvillons sont à l’origine du surnom de « rince bouteille » de cet original arbuste australien.Son feuillage froissé est agréablement parfumé. Templars in Cyprus included Jacques de Molay and Thibaud Gaudin, their 22nd grand master. "[45], This article is about the Templar Grand Master. Au menu : des graines à germer de haricot mungo, au léger goût de noix, et des graines à germer de chou rouge, à la magnifique couleur fuchsia. Molay was sentenced to death together with Geoffroi de Charney[19] in 1314 as a direct result of cardinal legates' decisions and actions rather than being ordered by King Philip the fair. JE COMMANDE RAPIDEMENTavec mon catalogue ou ma publicité. 2 rouge framboise + 2 orange mandarine + 2 blanc crème.PRIX découverte ! Nouvelle variété de Deutzia aux grandes fleurs bicolores rose-violacé et blanc, délicatement parfumées. [4][6], Around 1270, de Molay went to the East (Outremer), although little is recorded of his activities for the next twenty years. Couvres-sols, en bordures, rocailles, massifs ou bouquets, ces fleurs vous réjouiront tous les ans par leur explosion de couleurs. 8,048.17 km. Pope Clement called for an ecumenical council to meet in Vienne in 1310 to decide the future of the Templars. ): Ferretto of Vicenza, 'Historia rerum in Italia gestarum ab anno 1250 as annum usque 1318', c. 1328, in Malcolm Barber's, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Vol. GENERALISTE: Remplacement du 18/02/2021 au 30/04/2021 pour un(e) sage-femme - Reims - … In the 1861 edition of the French encyclopedia, the Nouvelle Biographie Universelle, it even lists Molay as a Mongol commander in its "Molay" article: Jacques de Molay was not inactive in this decision of the Great Khan. Le mois dernier, nous avons proposé à nos abonné.e.s de faire le plein de magnésium, de zinc et de vitamines grâce à de véritables bombes nutritionnelles ! He was also forced to write a letter asking every Templar to admit to these acts. Cet arbuste japonais émet un feuillage éclaboussé de blanc crème et de rose crevette. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Retirer le petit morceau blanc dur qui est sur le côté de toutes les saint-Jacques. "[31] This story of wishful thinking was so popular in France that in 1846 a large-scale painting was created by Claude Jacquand, titled Molay Prend Jerusalem, 1299 ("Molay Takes Jerusalem, 1299"), which depicts the supposed event. In front of the cardinals, Molay retracted his earlier confessions. Molay was in Paris on 12 October, where he was a pallbearer at the funeral of Catherine of Courtenay, wife of Count Charles of Valois, and sister-in-law of King Philip. As stated above, of the five original accusations made against the Knights Templars one was the "worshipping of an idol of a man with a long beard". During that year, rumors flew through Europe that the Mongols had recaptured Jerusalem and were going to return the city to the Europeans. [6][33] Regardless of what the Mongols may or may not have done, there is no evidence that Molay was ever a Mongol commander, and he probably never set foot in Jerusalem. The stage instructions include that "[t]he foremost point to be remembered is to portray Jacques DeMolay as the hero and to select an interpretation for the DeMolay Degree which will enhance the lessons of fidelity and toleration." The sudden arrest of the Templars, the conflicting stories about confessions, and the dramatic deaths by burning, generated many stories and legends about both the Order, and its last Grand Master. SFR peut utiliser vos informations personnelles pour vous proposer des offres adaptées, directement sur le site SFR.fr ou lors de communications par e-mails. [30] The Mongol Mulay and the Templar Molay were entirely different people, but some historians regularly confused the two. [9] There was talk of merging the Templars with one of the other military orders, the Knights Hospitaller. Découvrez comment remplacer une touche de clavier d'ordinateur portable. REMPLACEMENT REGULIER LE MARDI APRES MIDI, mercredi toute la journée et vendredi matin ainsi que durant les vacances scolaires. The grand masters of both orders opposed such a merger, but pressure increased from the Papacy. "So no conclusive decision can be reached, and we must stay in the realm of approximations, confining ourselves to placing Molay's date of birth somewhere around 1244/5 – 1248/9, even perhaps 1240–1250. In November 1309, the Papal Commission for the Kingdom of France began its own hearings, during which Molay again recanted, stating that he did not acknowledge the accusations brought against his order. There were five initial charges lodged against the Templars. Briord abrite le siège social (3 300 m²) et le département Sièges sur Briord 1 (tapisserie, couture, coupe et collage mousse, emballage, expédition, 35 500 m²), Briord 2 (atelier de menuiserie, 11 000 m²), Briord 3 (coupe cuir et tissus, contrôle qualité des peaux et des pièces de … Depuis 35 ans, nous cultivons des arbres en plein champ dans le but d'en faire des bonsaï. Tous terrains frais. The drama concludes with the commission condemning the four to life imprisonment; however, according to the ritual, "so incensed was the king at the noble defiance and defense of DeMolay and Geoffroi de Charney that he overrode the Commission’s verdict and hurried DeMolay and de Charney to the stake on an island near the Cathedral, where they were barbarously burned. The pope still wanted to hear Molay's side of the story, and dispatched two cardinals to Paris in December 1307. Molay was asked to write memoranda on each of the issues, which he did during the summer of 1306. She published her findings in the Journal of Medieval History in 2004. DeMolay International, also known as "The Order of DeMolay," was founded in Kansas City[41] in 1919 by Freemason Frank S. The affair was supposed to be concluded when, to the dismay of the prelates and wonderment of the assembled crowd, Jacques de Molay and Geoffroi de Charney arose. The intent was to establish a Templar bridgehead to await assistance from Ghazan's Mongols, but the Mongols failed to appear in 1300. In France in the 19th century, false stories circulated that Molay had captured Jerusalem in 1300. That same day, by sunset, a pyre was erected on a small island in the Seine, the Ile des Juifs, near the palace garden. Port compact, idéal en bac ! The American historian Henry Charles Lea wrote: "Even in distant Germany Philippe's death was spoken of as a retribution for his destruction of the Templars, and Clement was described as shedding tears of remorse on his death-bed for three great crimes, the poisoning of Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor, and the ruin of the Templars and Beguines". Jacques de Molay (French: ; c. 1240–1250 – 11 or 18 March 1314), also spelled "Molai", was the 23rd and last grand master of the Knights Templar, leading the order from 20 April 1292 until it was dissolved by order of Pope Clement V in 1312. Jacques Fesch voit le jour le 6 avril 1930 dans une famille aisée. When Molay later retracted his confession, Philip had him burned upon a scaffold on an island in the River Seine in front of Notre-Dame de Paris in March, 1314. Longue floraison !Avec ses fleurs de pivoine bien doubles et sa blancheur immaculée à peine retouchée de jaune au coeur, ce camélia se distingue par safloraison hâtive et d’une durée exceptionnelle, de novembre à mars ! Clement moved the Papacy from Italy to Poitiers, France, where Philip continued to assert more dominance over the Papacy and the Templars. Ce petit arbuste peut aussi être utilisé en couvre-sol. ^ Brandon, S. G. F, "Christ in verbal and depicted imagery" in Neusner, Jacob (ed. De plus, il est extrêmement résistant à la sécheresse. Couleurs changeantes ! On 22 March 1312, at the Council of Vienne, the Order of the Knights Templar was abolished by papal decree. Ses fleurs de 8-10 cm, doubles, dans les tons ambre chaud, sont délicatement parfumées ; son beau feuillage vert sombre brillant est très sain. Ajouter au panier. In the autumn of 1296, Molay was back in Cyprus to defend his Order against the interests of Henry II of Cyprus, which conflict had its roots back in the days of Guillaume de Beaujeu. [20] He was burnt at the stake on the Ile des Javiaux in the Seine. The force was commanded by King Henry II of Jerusalem, the king of Cyprus, accompanied by his brother, Amalric, Lord of Tyre, and the heads of the military orders, with the ambassador of the Mongol leader Ghazan also in attendance. [12][14], On 6 June, the leaders of both the Templars and the Hospitallers were officially asked to come to the Papal offices in Poitiers to discuss these matters, with the date of the meeting scheduled as All Saints Day in 1306, though it later had to be postponed due to the Pope's illness with gastro-enteritis. When the news was carried to Philippe he was furious. [1] His birth year is not certain, but judging by statements made during the later trials, was probably around 1240–1250. King Philip IV of France, deeply in debt to the Templars, was in favor of merging the Orders under his own command, thereby making himself Rex Bellator, or War King. Some time later, as he was about to be executed, he appealed "from this your heinous judgement to the living and true God, who is in Heaven", warning the Pope that, within a year and a day, he and Philip IV would be obliged to answer for their crimes in God's presence.[37]. [16] Subsequently, the charges would be increased and would become, according to the procedures, lists of articles 86 to 127[3] in which will be added a few other charges, such as the prohibition to priests who do not belong to the order.[17]. Jacques de Molay (French: [də mɔlɛ]; c. 1240–1250[1] – 11 or 18 March 1314[2]), also spelled "Molai",[3] was the 23rd and last grand master of the Knights Templar, leading the order from 20 April 1292 until it was dissolved by order of Pope Clement V in 1312. Today the painting hangs in the Hall of the Crusades in the French national museum of Versailles.[32]. [4] Though little is known of his actual life and deeds except for his last years as Grand Master, he is one of the best known Templars. VERT - GÉNÉRATEUR 420.00€ TTC. Faire fondre les … In 1299, the Ilkhanate again attempted to conquer Syria, having some preliminary success against the Mamluks in the Battle of Wadi al-Khazandar in December 1299. Informations. Taillez-le en fin d’hiver afin d’assurer de nouvelles pousses colorées. With the troops under his control, he invaded Syria, participated in the first battle in which the Sultan was vanquished, pursued the routed Malik Nasir as far as the desert of Egypt: then, under the guidance of Kutluk, a Mongol general, he was able to take Jerusalem, among other cities, over the Muslims, and the Mongols entered to celebrate Easter. An eyewitness to the execution stated that Molay had shown no sign of fear and had told those present that God would avenge their deaths. As described by modern historian Malcolm Barber in The New Knighthood: "It was during the 1760s that German masons introduced a specific Templar connection, claiming that the Order, through its occupation of the Temple of Solomon, had been the repository of secret wisdom and magical powers, which James of Molay had handed down to his successor before his execution and of which the eighteenth-century Freemasons were the direct heirs."[40]. The canons pronounced that a relapsed heretic was to be burned without a hearing; the facts were notorious and no formal judgment by the papal commission need be waited for. His successor Pope Benedict XI did not last long, dying in less than a year,[15] possibly poisoned via Philip's councillor Guillaume de Nogaret. The second was the stripping of the man to be initiated and the thrice kissing of that man by the preceptor on the navel, posterior and mouth. Sol bien drainé voire... Très grosses fleurs en dégradé de roses ! Molay had already spoken with the king in Paris on 24 June 1307 about the accusations against his order and was partially reassured. Land. Another prominent Templar in attendance was Amaury de la Roche, Templar Master of the province of France. [2][21][20][22][23], Of Molay's death, Henry Charles Lea gives this account: .mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}, "The cardinals dallied with their duty until 18 March 1314, when, on a scaffold in front of Notre Dame, Jacques de Molay, Templar Grand Master, Geoffroi de Charney, Master of Normandy, Hugues de Peraud, Visitor of France, and Godefroi de Gonneville, Master of Aquitaine, were brought forth from the jail in which for nearly seven years they had lain, to receive the sentence agreed upon by the cardinals, in conjunction with the Archbishop of Sens and some other prelates whom they had called in. Following the loss of Ruad, Molay abandoned the tactic of small advance forces, and instead put his energies into trying to raise support for a new major Crusade, as well as strengthening Templar authority in Cyprus. Unlike the initial degrees conferred in a Masonic Lodge, which only require a belief in a Supreme Being regardless of religious affiliation, the Knights Templar is one of several additional Masonic Orders in which membership is open only to Freemasons who profess a belief in the Christian religion. Résistant à la sécheresse ! Liste des citations de Friedrich Nietzsche classées par thématique. Meanwhile, pressure increased in Europe that the Templars should be merged with the other military orders, perhaps all placed under the authority of one king, and that individual should become the new King of Jerusalem when it was conquered. The Mongols had been repeatedly attempting to conquer Syria themselves, each time either being forced back by the Egyptian Mamluks or having to retreat because of a civil war within the Mongol Empire, such as having to defend from attacks from the Mongol Golden Horde to the north. The full title of this Order is The United Religious, Military and Masonic Orders of the Temple and of St John of Jerusalem, Palestine, Rhodes and Malta. Then followed the rapid succession of the last Direct Capetian kings of France between 1314 and 1328, the three sons and a grandson of Philip IV. Within fourteen years of the death of Molay, the 300-year-old House of Capet collapsed. Vous avez aimé l’originalité de Hot Lips rouge et blanche ? Proprietes-privees.com ® ça marche pour n'importe quel bien immobilier, de la simple place de parking à … 4/6. Sol léger et frais. They had been guilty, they said, not of the crimes imputed to them, but of basely betraying their Order to save their own lives. Hastily the cardinals delivered them to the Prevot of Paris, and retired to deliberate on this unexpected contingency, but they were saved all trouble. [13] Molay was opposed to the merger, believing instead that having separate military orders was a stronger position, as the missions of each order were somewhat different. Retrouvez toutes les phrases célèbres de Friedrich Nietzsche parmi une sélection de + de 100 000 citations célèbres provenant d'ouvrages, d'interviews ou de discours. Though little is known of his actual life and deeds except for his last years as Grand Master, he is one of the best known Templars. Developing relationships with European leaders such as Pope Boniface VIII, Edward I of England, James I of Aragon and Charles II of Naples, Molay's immediate goals were to strengthen the defence of Cyprus and rebuild the Templar forces. For this, one of Clement's predecessors, Pope Boniface VIII, had attempted to have Philip excommunicated, but Philip then had Boniface abducted and charged with heresy. The story of de Molay's brave defiance of his inquisitors has been incorporated in various forms into Masonic lore; most notably in the form of a youth group for young men aged 12 to 21, sponsored by Freemasonry, and named after the last Grand Master of the Knights Templar. The modern Masonic Knights Templar is an international philanthropic and chivalric order affiliated with Freemasonry, and begun in Ireland perhaps as long ago as 1780. Une tige = un bouquet ! Vous trouverez ci dessous les différentes catégories d'écran de veille que nous mettons à votre disposition, il vous suffit de cliquer sur l'une d'elle et ensuite de porter votre choix sur un écran de veille particulier afin de le télécharger. In the meantime, the Order's dignitaries, among them Molay, were to be judged by the pope. [30] "In 1299, the Grand-Master was with his knights at the recapture of Jerusalem. He did not arrive until late summer,[14] so while waiting for his arrival, Molay met the Pope to discuss other matters, one of which was the charges by one or more ousted Templars who had made accusations of impropriety in the Templars' initiation ceremony. Molay, however, rejected the idea. Philip then had the Templars charged with heresy and many other trumped-up charges, most of which were identical to the charges which had previously been leveled by Philip's agents against Pope Boniface VIII. En l'an 1599, le Japon est divisé en plusieurs parties dictinct qui s'oppose entre elles une guerre sans merci pour le pouvoir. Les fleurs exhalent un puissant parfum et sa forme floribunda aux multiples fleurs offre une somptueuse floraison. Jacques Briant vous propose sa collection de plantes vivaces pour jardins et terrasses réussis ! C’est le Rince bouteille à fleurs rouges le plus rustique de tous ! Coloris hors du commun violet lavande, feuillage moucheté de blanc. The Masons developed an elaborate mythos about their Order, and some claimed heritage from entities in history,[39] ranging from the mystique of the Templars to the builders of Solomon's Temple. 1-4. Contrairement aux autres professionnels qui font majoritairement de l'import en provenance d'Asie, nous préférons développer une production locale, issue de semis ou de boutures. (jusqu’à -12°C). Considering the offences which the culprits had confessed and confirmed, the penance imposed was in accordance with rule — that of perpetual imprisonment. ", Les Templiers, une chevalerie chrétienne au moyen-âge, Alain Demurger, "Le grand-maître s'etait trouvé avec ses chevaliers en 1299 à la reprise de Jerusalem.". Through the papal bull Faciens misericordiam, the procedure to prosecute the Templars was set out on a duality, whereby one commission would judge individuals of the Order and a different commission would judge the Order as a whole. The fourth was that the cord worn by the neophyte day and night was consecrated by wrapping it around an idol in the form of a human head with a great beard, and that this idol was adored in all chapters. III Chpt. COLIBRIANT 7 MOIS DE POMME DE TERRE : 10... BACTERIOSOL - ROSIERS, VIVACES, ARBUSTES A... Un assortiment coloré et acidulé, pour des bouquets aux allures de confiseries. Vous n’êtes pas autorisé à lire ce forum. Ses feuilles deviennent vert panaché de crème plus tard en saison. [1], In 1265, as a young man, he was received into the Order of the Templars in a chapel at the Beaune House, by Humbert de Pairaud, the Visitor of France and England. For the Mongol general, see, Historical origin of "Inquisition" charge, Demurger, pp. Contrastes merveilleux ! Returning to Poitiers, Molay asked the Pope to set up an inquiry to quickly clear the Order of the rumours and accusations surrounding it, and the Pope convened an inquiry on 24 August. [8] From his travels, he was able to secure authorization from some monarchs for the export of supplies to Cyprus, but could obtain no firm commitment for a new Crusade. He was also of the belief that if there were to be a new crusade, it needed to be a large one, as the smaller attempts were not effective. It took a year to choose the next Pope, the Frenchman Clement V, who was also under strong pressure to bend to Philip's will. The council which had been called by the Pope for 1310 was delayed for a further two years due to the length of the trials, but was finally convened in 1312. In 1300, Molay and other forces from Cyprus put together a small fleet of sixteen ships which committed raids along the Egyptian and Syrian coasts. It became the headquarters of the dwindling Kingdom of Jerusalem, and the base of operations for any future military attempts by the Crusaders against the Egyptian Mamluks, who for their part were systematically conquering any last Crusader strongholds on the mainland. The ships left Famagusta on 20 July 1300, and under the leadership of Admiral Baudouin de Picquigny, raided the coasts of Egypt and Syria: Rosetta,[10] Alexandria, Acre, Tortosa and Maraclea, before returning to Cyprus.[11]. Idéal aussi si l'on installe un surmatelas. There de Molay, de Charney, de Gonneville, and de Peraud were slowly burned to death, refusing all offers of pardon for retraction, and bearing their torment with a composure which won for them the reputation of martyrs among the people, who reverently collected their ashes as relics." Cal. 362.5k Followers, 746 Following, 3,675 Posts - See Instagram photos and videos from Le Coq Sportif (@lecoqsportif) The Grand Master of the Hospitallers, Fulk de Villaret, was also delayed in his travel to France, as he was engaged with a battle at Rhodes. Les Arums de couleur : l'exotisme pur ! Vigoureux, feuillage sain vert foncé luisant, résistant aux maladies. Couleurs et parfum de rêve ! The elderly Boniface was rescued, but then died of shock shortly thereafter. TOP 10 des citations nature (de célébrités, de films ou d'internautes) et proverbes nature classés par auteur, thématique, nationalité et par culture. Biographie Origines. The fifth was that the priests of the order did not consecrate the host in celebrating Mass. [3] It is suggested that he was dubbed a knight at age 21 in 1265 and is known that he was executed in 1314, aged about 70. The third was telling the neophyte (novice) that unnatural lust was lawful and indulged in commonly. Splendide floraison bicolore ! Philip wanted the Templars arrested and their possessions confiscated to incorporate their wealth into the Royal Treasury and to be free of the enormous debt he owed the Templar Order. Gaudin died around 1292 and, as there were no other serious contenders for the role at the time, Molay was soon elected.[7]. La texture des pétales, fortement ondulés et leurs liserés subtils donnent des dégradés uniques. The Cypriots then prepared for an attack on Tortosa in late 1300, sending a joint force to a staging area on the island of Ruad, from which raids were launched on the mainland. This series of events forms the basis of Les Rois maudits (The Accursed Kings), a series of historical novels written by Maurice Druon between 1955 and 1977, which was also adapted into two French television miniseries in 1972 and 2005. 5 par 2. In a dawn raid on Friday, 13 October 1307, Molay and sixty of his Templar brother knights were arrested. CGV - Mentions légales - Plan du site - Création Agence Web Kelcible - Référencement - © 2015 Pépinières Jacques Briant, Vente à distance depuis 1960 - La qualité pépiniériste reconnue depuis 3 générations, Nous garantissons jusqu'à 5 ans la bonne reprise de vos plantes, En poursuivant votre navigation sur ce site, vous acceptez l’utilisation de cookies pour vous proposer des contenus et services adaptés à vos centres d’intérêts, ARBUSTES AUX SENTEURS & COULEURS HIVERNALES. Grandes fleurs doubles délicieusement parfumées ! Créer un compte Espace personnel Partnaire Ecran de veille et Ecrans de veille. Tu n'as pas de compte ? Rosier sensationnel au coloris nouveau particulièrement original : violet foncé brillant nuancé d’argent. [6], After the Fall of Acre to the Egyptian Mamluks in 1291, the Franks (a name used in the Levant for Catholic Europeans) who were able to do so retreated to the island of Cyprus. A power struggle ensued between the king and the pope, which was settled in August 1308 when they agreed to split the convictions. Ils feront merveille avec des plantes à feuillages ou des annuelles plus foncées. As European support for the Crusades had dwindled, other forces were at work which sought to disband the order and claim the wealth of the Templars as their own. Pépinière Jacques Briant, la qualité reconnue et le choix depuis 1960. The same happened in 1301 and 1302, and the island was finally lost in the Siege of Ruad on 26 September 1302, eliminating the Crusaders' last foothold near the mainland. The confusion was enhanced in 1805, when the French playwright and historian François Raynouard made claims that Jerusalem had been captured by the Mongols, with Molay in command of one of the Mongol divisions. Vente en ligne de plantes : fleurs, arbres, potager pour réussir le jardin et la terrasse [42] Similar to what happens in Freemasonry, new members are ceremoniously initiated using "degrees" that are part of the Order's secret ritual, authored, in the case of the Order of DeMolay's ritual, by Frank A. Marshall at founder Land's request in 1919. [35], It has been claimed that Jacques de Molay cursed King Philip IV of France and his descendants from his execution pyre. These rumors are probably related to the fact that the medieval historian the Templar of Tyre wrote about a Mongol general named "Mulay" who occupied Syria and Palestine for a few months in early 1300. Son parfum atteint des sommets ! Philip was already at odds with the papacy, trying to tax the clergy, and had been attempting to assert his own authority as higher than that of the Pope. However, this was only an urban legend, as the only activities that the Mongols had even engaged in were some minor raids through Palestine, which may or may not have even passed through Jerusalem itself. [19] The most probable date of the execution was according to Alain Demurger and others 11 March 1314 although it is also quoted as 18 March 1314. Gagnez du temps et de l'argent en interrogeant directement le marché. (Note: the account varies by one day, not unusual for chronicles of the middle ages)[5], In September 2001, Barbara Frale found a copy of the Chinon Parchment in the Vatican Secret Archives, a document which explicitly confirms that in 1308 Pope Clement V absolved Jacques de Molay and other leaders of the Order including Geoffroi de Charney and Hugues de Pairaud. Philip and Clement V both died within a year of Molay's execution; Clement succumbed to a long illness on 20 April 1314, and Philip died due to a stroke while hunting. COLIBRIANT 4 OEILLETS ANGLAIS : 1 CORAL... COLIBRIANT 72 GLAIEULS GEANTS : 8 VELVET... FUSAIN PALOMA BLANCA ‘Lankveld03’ COV EU... COLIBRIANT 2 KIWAIS : 1 KEN'S RED + 1 ISSAÏ. Modern historians, however, state that the truth of the matter is this: There are indeed numerous ancient records of Mongol raids and occupations of Jerusalem (from Western, Armenian, or Arab sources), and in 1300 the Mongols did achieve a brief victory in Syria which caused a Muslim retreat, and allowed the Mongols to launch raids into the Levant as far as Gaza for a period of a few months. During a meeting assembled on the island in the autumn of 1291, Molay spoke of reforming the Order and put himself forward as an alternative to the current grand master. King Philip IV of France, deeply in debt to the Templars, had Molay and many other French Templars arrested in 1307 and tortured into making false confessions. Fini les coins de drap-housse qui sautent ! A short consultation with his council only was required. In the royal palace at Chinon, Molay was again questioned by the cardinals, but this time with royal agents present, and he returned to his forced admissions made in 1307. [1], He was born, as most Templar knights were, into a family of minor or middle-ranking nobility.